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           > yes, every students clear the iit jam exam if they prepared well. the cuff off for iit jam is not so high. you need only 30 marks to clear the examination. if you prepared with a strategy plan then you will crack the examination. 
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         >  Every examination will be tough for you if you do not practice for it and study without focus. Toughness of any examination depends on the preparation done. Keeping the concepts right will help you in scoring high in the GATE examination.

      Q. How can i prepare for UGC/CSIR NET chemical science ?

          > Understand the CSIR NET Examination Pattern and set your targeted score to bag up the examination qualification. Plan a study schedule to manage your time effectively during the exam preparation. Spend at least 5 hours on your studies daily and allow 1 hour extra for revision. Take Important Topics at first.

Hyperconjugation in organic chemistry, stability of compound, Problem wi...

Effective Nuclear Charge, Slater's Rule with application

Strength of Basicity, Brönsted Lower and  Lewis theory, Conjugate Acid, application of Bredt's rule

Strength of Acidity, conjugate base, pka



World's strongest acid:- The record holder used to be fluorosulfuric acid (HFSO3).
       But carborane superacids are hundreds times stronger than fluorosulfuric acid and over a million times stronger than concentrated Sulfuric acid.

      Strength of Acidity:- 
   A strong acid is an acid which fully dissociates into water. all the acid molecules that are break up into ions and solvate to water molecule. So, the Concentration of Hydronium ions in a strong acid solution is equal to the concentrated of the acid.


     Conjugate base:- the general rules suggest that the stronger of a pair of acids must form the weaker of a pair of conjugate base. The fact that HCl is a stronger acid than the H3O+ ion implies that the Cl- ion is a   weaker base than water.

Official video tutorial :- Click here

PDF || Favoriskii Rearrangement all applications are collection from journal papers    

Chemistry of rearrangement, Favorskii Rearrangement.

     At a glance:- the Favoriskii rearrangement of Cyclopropanation and alpha-halo ketones which leads to carboxylic acid derivative. In the case of Cyclic alpha- halo ketones, the Favoriskii rearrangement can take place and it constitutes a ring contraction.

    The Favoriskii rearrangement, it is named for the Russian Chemist Alexei Yevgrafovich Favoriskii.

    Alpha-halo ketones:- A haloketone in Organic Chemistry is a functional group consisting of a ketone group or carbonyl group with an alpha halogen substituent.

    Cyclopropanation:- it is an organic compound with the molecule formula C₃H₄O. It consisting of a  Cyclopropane carbon framework having one ketone functional group.

 

👉👉 PDF || Shapiro Reaction //application are collection from research papers

Full tutorial video :- Click here

Shapiro reaction, a special types of reaction which is a very important for synthesis analysis of organic chemistry.


    At a glance:- 
   Shapiro reaction, it is an organic reaction in which a ketone or aldehyde is converted to an Alkene through an intermediate hydrazone derivative in presence of 2 equivalents of organolithium reagents.
   
     This reaction was discovered by Robert H. Shapiro in 1967.

    Actually, this reaction is very similar to Bamford Stevens Reaction. The Shapiro reaction is a variation on the Bamford Stevens Reaction, is the base induced reaction of tosylhydrazones to afford alkenes.

     Hydrazone:- hydrazones are a class of Organic compounds with the structure R
1R
2C=NNH
2.  They are actually related to the ketones and aldehyde by the replacement of the oxygen with the NNH2 functional group.


Organolithium reagents:- they are organometallic compounds having carbon-carbon bonds. Ther are important reagents in organic synthesis.and they are frequently used to transfer the organic group or the lithium atom to the substrates in various synthetic steps, like nucleophilic addition or simple deprotonation.

Chichibabin reaction, preparation of 2-aminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine

   At a glance:- 
  The Chichibabin Reaction is a method for producing 2-aminopyridine derivative by the treatment of pyridine with sodium amide.
      It is a substitution type reaction.

   
     This reaction was reported by Aleksei Chichibabin in 1914.


   
Mechanistic- The direct amination of pyridine with sodium amide takes place in liquid ammonia. Following the addition elimination mechanism first a nucleophilic NH₂⁻   is added while a Hydride  (H⁻) is leaving from the system.  
    Ciganek describe an example of an intramolecular Chichibabin Reaction in which a nitrile group that are present in a fused ring is the source of nitrogen in amination. 

  2-Aminopyridine is an organic compound with the Chemical formula  H₂NC₅H₄N. It has one of three isomeric aminopyridines.  

   Sodium amide :- It is commonly called as sodamide, is the inorganic compound with the Chemical formula NaNH2. It is a salt which are composed of the sodium cation and the azanide anion. 

Demyanove rearrangement

   At a glance:-: The Demjanove rearrangement is a chemical reaction where primary amines with nitrous acid to give rearranged alcohols. This reaction involves substitution by a hydroxy group with a possible ring expansion.
   
      This reaction is named after the Russian Chemist Nikolai Jakovlevich Demjanove.

      Ring expansion:- It occurs as a carbocation rearrangement when an unstable cycloalkane is near a carbocation. They key is to recognize when a ring is unstable, and this type of rearrangements that will help it become more stable.

       Carbocation rearrangement:- 
 They are extremely common in Organic Chemistry reaction. They are defined as the movement of a carbocation from an unstable state to a more stable state through the use of various structural reorganizational shift within the molecule.

Benzil Benzilic acid rearrangement

     At a glance:- The Benzilic Acid rearrangement is a rearrangements reaction of 1,2-diketones are converted into alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acids by using base.
   
This reaction was first performed by Justus von leibig in 1838.

     Benzil:- Benzil is an organic compound with the Chemical formula (C₆H₅CO)₂,  generally (PhCO)₂.  This Yellow solid is one of the most common diketones.

    Benzilic Acid:- Benzilic Acid is an organic compound with the Chemical formula  C ₁₄H ₁₂O ₃.

 It is a white crystalline Aromatic acid, soluble in many primary accohol. 

Complete discussion about Dipole Moment, Polarity of bond

      Chemical Bonding:- Chemical bond is not a stick, it is an attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds. The bond may occurs by the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds

     Dipole moment:- The bond dipole moment uses the idea of electric dipole moment to measure the polarity of a Chemical bond within a molecule. It occurs whenever there is a separation of positive and negative charges.
      The bond dipole  is given by :

${\displaystyle \mu =\delta \,d}$                 

   μ is the dipole moment, d is the distance between two opposite charged species, Delta - is  charged of the species. 

    Polarity of bond:-  The polarity of a bond, is the extent to which bond is polar, it is determined largely by the relative electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Electronegativity (χ) defined as the ability of an atomin a molecule or ion to attract electrons to itself. 

Wolff Kishner Reduction

At a glance:- 
     The Wolff-Kishner reduction is an organic reaction which are used in Organic Chemistry to convert a carbonyl group into alkanes by the treatment with hydrazine ,base and thermal condition


    This reduction reaction was originally reported by  Nikolai Kischner in 1911 and Ludwig Wolff in 1912.

    The Wolff-Kishner reduction reaction it requires highly basic condition. 

Wagner Meerwein rearrangement

 A Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement is a class of carbocation 1,2-rearrangement reactions in which a hydrogen, alkyl or aryl group migrates from one carbon to a neighboring carbon. They can be described as cationic [1,2]-sigmatropic rearrangements.

For full tutorial 👉👉 Click here

The reaction is named after the Russian Chemist Yegor Yegorovich Vagner, he had German origin and published in German journals as Georg Wagner and Hans Meerwein.

      

        The rearrangement was first discovered in bicyclic terpenes for example the conversion of Isoborneol to camphen, which are mention on the image box and PDF file for details mechanism also. 

    PDF file for the applications of Wagner Meerwein Rearrangement, collection from international journal/ research papers 👇👇

      📚📚 Download PDF file 👉👉Click here 

Mechanism :- The Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement is an organic reaction used to convert an alcohol to an olefin by the treatment an acid catalyst. The mechanism begins with protonation of the alcohol by the acid which is then released as water to forms a carbocation species. A 1,2-shift then occurs to form a more substituted and stabilized carbo-cation species. A final deprotonation with water produces the final olefin product and regenerates the acid catalyst. 

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